What is ADHD?

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects children and often continues into adulthood. Characterized by a range of symptoms including hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity, ADHD can significantly impact an individual’s daily functioning, academic performance, and interpersonal relationships.

What are the Symptoms of ADHD?

ADHD is primarily associated with inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, though the presentation can vary widely between individuals. The symptoms can manifest in different ways, commonly classified into two categories: inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive.

1. Inattention: Individuals with this subtype often struggle to focus on tasks, leading to careless mistakes in schoolwork or other activities. They may have difficulty organizing tasks, following through on instructions, and sustaining attention in activities or conversations. Failing to listen when spoken to, losing items necessary for tasks, and being easily distracted are also common traits.
2. Hyperactivity and Impulsivity: This set of symptoms includes excessive fidgeting, restlessness, interrupting others, and an inability to wait for one’s turn. Children might be seen running or climbing in inappropriate situations, talking excessively, or blurting out answers before questions are completed. These behaviors can disrupt classroom environments and social interactions.

ADHD symptoms typically emerge in early childhood, often before age 12, and must be present in more than one setting (e.g., at home and school) for a diagnosis to be made. Importantly, symptoms can change over time. For example, hyperactivity may decrease with age, while difficulties with attention may become more pronounced.

How is ADHD Diagnosed?

Diagnosing ADHD is not straightforward and involves a comprehensive evaluation by a healthcare professional. This process typically includes a detailed history, behavior assessments, and, often, input from parents, teachers, and other caregivers. It is crucial to rule out other potential causes for the symptoms, as many mental health issues can mimic ADHD. Objective verification of ADHD is imperative – this is best accomplished using quantitative baseline testing (QB Test), which is done in our office, typically at the time of initial consultation.

What is a QB Test?

QbTest is a market-leading, objective ADHD test (https://www.qbtech.com/adhd-tests/) designed by Qbtech (https://www.qbtech.com/) for patients aged 6-60. It involves a 15–20-minute computer-based test with motion tracking to measure core symptoms. Designed to be used in-clinic alongside subjective measures including clinical interviews and rating scales, it’s backed by over 20 years of research and 35 studies.

QbTest is an FDA-cleared, CE-marked clinical test for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) that objectively measures the three core symptoms: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It’s been developed to aid healthcare professionals who provide frequent evaluation to treat and test for ADHD.

What are the Treatment Options for ADHD?

The management of ADHD requires a multifaceted approach that may include behavioral interventions, medication, and educational support.

1. Behavioral Therapy: This form of therapy aims to change negative behaviors into positive ones. Techniques may include setting clear expectations and consequences, teaching organizational skills, and improving social skills. Behavioral therapy is particularly effective for younger children and may be used alongside other forms of treatment.
2. Medication: Many individuals with ADHD benefit from medication, which can help regulate neurotransmitters in the brain to improve focus and self-control. Stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate (Concerta, Focalin, Ritalin) and amphetamines (Adderall, Vyvanse, Dexedrine), are the most commonly prescribed and have been shown to be effective for many. Non-stimulant options, like atomoxetine (Strattera), are also available, particularly for those who may not respond well to stimulants or who experience adverse side effects. As of 2024, there are over 39 FDA approved medication options for ADHD.
3. Educational Interventions: Tailored educational plans, such as Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) or 504 Plans, can provide the necessary support in the school environment. These plans can include accommodations like extra time on tests, preferential seating, or modified assignments to help students succeed.
4. Parent and Family Support: Educating parents and families about ADHD can help them understand the condition and provide the necessary support at home. Family therapy or support groups can also be beneficial for promoting understanding and cooperation among family members.
5. Lifestyle Modifications: Lifestyle changes such as establishing a structured daily routine, promoting regular physical activity, and encouraging a healthy diet can also contribute positively to managing ADHD symptoms.

How often do I need a visit?

Patients being treated with central nervous system (CNS) stimulants will require monthly contact with their healthcare provider, which is most commonly accomplished via telemedicine. Treatment plans that utilize therapy, non-stimulant medication, or other approaches will have visits every three months, in most cases.